240109 Developments in AI Part 1
Reasons for the dramatic evolution of AI The technological innovation of AI has been greatly advanced by the practical application of machine learning and the emergence of deep learning due to the improvement of the computing power of computers and the ability to utilize big data. What does each mean? Practical application of machine learning Machine learning is the realization of the mechanism of "learning" in humans by computers. It will automatically build algorithms that can identify and predict patterns and rules from input data and apply them to new data. Since the 2010s, it has become possible to handle vast amounts of information, and the practical application of machine learning has progressed. The advent of deep learning In machine learning, there was a need for humans to define features and improve accuracy. A feature is an indicator of which parts to focus on in order to find patterns. Deep learning, which appeared there, is revolutionary in that it can automatically extract features from training data. Advances in GPUs One of the key drivers for the evolution of AI is the development of graphics processing units (GPUs). It was not until the late 2000s ~ early 2010s that it became clear that its advanced parallel processing capabilities were suitable for AI learning tasks, especially deep learning. Prior to that, the computing power of GPUs was rarely used to train AI. Deep learning requires large amounts of data and computational power. Neural network training, in particular, can have millions or billions of parameters, and the calculations to update them all at the same time can be enormous. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) can perform these calculations, but the processing speed is limited. GPUs, on the other hand, have a large number of cores, which makes it possible to perform a large amount of calculations at the same time. As a result, deep learning computational tasks can be processed at high speed, and the training time of the AI can be greatly reduced. In addition, GPU maker NVIDIA offers CUDA, a platform dedicated to AI calculations. This allows developers to maximize the computing power of GPUs, further accelerating the evolution of AI. In this way, the development of GPUs has become an important foundation for the modern AI boom. What has happened with the evolution of AI What specific changes have occurred in our daily lives with the advent of AI and advances in technology? Here are some typical examples. AI defeats humans in Go and Shogi In games that require strategies based on complex thoughts and patterns, the confrontation between strong human beings and AI is often the focus of attention. In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue AI defeated the then-world champion in chess. In shogi, in 2012, Compusoft defeated the top shogi players. In addition, Go, which was said to be difficult for AI to win because the board is wider than chess and shogi and has a large number of patterns, became a big topic in 2016 when top Go player Li Kudan was defeated by the computer program "AlphaGo". The development of "Alpha Zero," an AI that allows players to learn on their own without looking at any past data such as game records, is also underway. Credit Card Fraud Monitoring The AI technology introduced by financial institutions to prevent credit card fraud is a system called "Regtech". In this system, AI that has learned from past fraud patterns monitors risk, and it is widely used for fraud countermeasures, such as online identity verification and anti-money laundering measures. AI recommendation function Recommended products on e-commerce sites and SNSIt has become common for the above ads to be displayed based on an individual's purchase history and browsing history. It captures the interests and hobbies of each user and efficiently promotes products and content. On the other hand, it has been pointed out that AI recommendations lead to a loss of individual diversity. Autonomous driving It is expected that AI will improve convenience and significantly reduce traffic accidents by using AI to drive autonomously. It is also advantageous as a means of relieving traffic congestion and in rural areas where public transportation is scarce. As of 2022, "conditional autonomous driving cars (limited area)" have been realized in Japan. The autonomous driving system can be activated on highways, but if the system cannot continue autonomous driving, the driver must return to driving. In the future, it is expected that "autonomous driving cars (limited area)" that can drive on a predetermined route without driver involvement and "fully autonomous driving cars" that do not have restrictions on areas will be realized. Automatic Translation The technology that uses AI to translate words into another language is also remarkable. With the advent of deep learning, translations that are more natural and close to human translations are being realized. It is also used as a translator for overseas travel and when browsing websites written in foreign languages, and it has become familiar. Medical Imaging Diagnosis Advances in deep learning have also improved the technology for AI to recognize images. In the medical field, AI recognizes radiation images and supports the detection of abnormalities, which is useful for preventing oversights and improving operational efficiency.
In 2021, there was a case where an AI system that supports diagnostic imaging of the new coronavirus was approved as a medical device. Advanced text generation from ChatGPT, Bing AI, and more One of the advances in AI in recent years has been the dramatic improvement in its ability to generate text. Typical examples are OpenAI's ChatGPT and Microsoft's Bing AI. These AIs can use natural language processing (NLP) technology to generate natural sentences that are easy for humans to understand. ChatGPT, in particular, has the ability to learn from large amounts of text data and generate natural conversations, and is widely used as a chatbot and writing aid tool for customer service. Bing AI, on the other hand, has the ability to explain the results of web searches in natural language. It also supports image generation, and you can create a new image according to the user's instructions using "Bing Image Creator". Highly automatic generation of images and illustrations Automatic image and illustration generation technology is a technology that automatically generates images and illustrations by AI by inputting text and data. This technology is used in fields such as design and art. Specific examples of automatic image and illustration generation technologies include the following. ・ DALL・E When you enter text, it is an AI that generates an image that matches the content. For example, if you enter text such as "avocado-shaped chair" or "a bear is on Mars," an image corresponding to them will be generated. Stable Diffusion is an AI that generates high-quality images that match the content when text or images are input. For example, if you enter the text "cat", it will generate images of different types of cats. Also, if you input a person's face photo, you can generate a face photo of another person who looks like that person. The impact of the evolution of AI on society The evolution of AI has had a significant impact on society as a whole, from business to daily life, and in the manufacturing industry, for example, automation and optimization by AI is improving productivity. In addition, in customer service, AI chatbots are available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and customer satisfactionContributes to the improvement of. In the medical field, AI is being used as a diagnostic support system, leading to early detection and accurate diagnosis. In addition, the evolution of autonomous driving technology is expected to reduce traffic accidents and make effective use of time. AI is also being applied to the fields of education and learning, enabling individualized education such as the provision of teaching materials tailored to individual learning progress and comprehension. On the other hand, it is also true that the evolution of AI has raised concerns about employment. As automation with AI and robots advances, some jobs may disappear. In addition, the social impact of AI decisions and ethical issues are also among the issues. Introducing predictions for the next 10 years brought about by the evolution of AI AI 10 years from now, AI is expected to have even more advanced technologies and a wide range of applications than today. It is possible that AI will surpass humans and become more advanced problem-solving. For example, the day may come when AI will propose solutions to complex and large-scale problems such as climate change, economic recession, and disease epidemics.It will produce. AI is expected to be used in all aspects of daily life, such as household chores, childcare, and health management. It is predicted that the evolution of AI will drastically change our lives and further unlock the potential of human beings. On the other hand, however, the evolution of AI can also cause new problems. It cannot be ruled out that if human jobs are replaced by AI, employment instability and economic disparity will widen further. In addition, if AI processes large amounts of personal information, the risk of privacy violations and information leaks may increase. Furthermore, as AI judgment becomes deeply involved in human society, it will be important to take measures against AI ethics and errors caused by AI judgment. As AI evolves, measures and regulations to address these issues will also be necessary. The future of AI is full of great potential and challenges. We need to fully understand the impact of AI and respond appropriately. The next 10 years will be an important turning point for the evolution of AI and building a new relationship with society. Advantages and disadvantages of the evolution of AI Let's summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the evolution of AI. Advantages 1. Elimination of labor shortageThe problem of labor shortage may be solved by AI taking on tasks that are difficult for humans to perform and simple labor. In particular, it is expected to be used in fields where there is a shortage of manpower, such as a serious shortage of nursing care personnel in an aging society. 2. Productivity improvementAI can process large amounts of data at high speed, which greatly contributes to improving productivity in the manufacturing and service industries. 3. Reduction of mistakes and accidents and improvement of safetySince AI judgment is always constant and does not get tired like humans, it can be expected to reduce the number of mistakes and accidents that humans can cause. For example, if autonomous driving technology evolves further, it will lead to a decrease in traffic accidents. 4. Cost reductionAI can operate 24 hours a day and contributes to reducing human labor costs. In addition, automation and optimization by AI will reduce costs through efficient business operations. 5. Improvement of customer satisfactionAI recommendation functions, chatbots, etc., improve the quality of service to customers, and improve customer satisfaction. Enhancing. Disadvantages 1.Possibility of human jobs being taken awayAs efficiency and automation by AI advances, there is a possibility that some human jobs will be replaced by AI. There are concerns that this will lead to instability in employment, especially for unskilled labor. Liability in the event of a malfunction in the judgment of the 2.AI In the event of an accident or problem caused by the judgment of the AI, the question is who should be held responsible. This is one of the major challenges from the perspective of law and ethics. 3. Privacy IssuesWhen AI processes a large amount of personal information, the risk of privacy invasion due to information leakage or inappropriate use increases. Data privacy and security will become increasingly important as AI becomes more prevalent. 4. Dangers of military use: The military use of AI technology has the potential to create a new military balance and style of warfare. There will be an urgent need to create international rules for the development and use of AI weapons. 5. Security IssuesAI systems themselves can be the target of cyberattacks, and security measures are an important issue. In particular, the security of systems that affect human life, such as self-driving cars and medical AI, has become a top priority. In light of these advantages and disadvantages, there is an increasing need for specific measures and regulations in each field to deal with the problems that arise with the evolution of AI. What is the Singularity? AI technology will surpass humans and become smarter than humans, which is called the "singularity" (technological singularity) , Singularity). The singularity will make it possible for AI to do things that only humans could do until now. For example, it has been pointed out that human jobs may be replaced by AI, or that AI may harm humans. Frequently Asked Questions about the Evolution of AI Here are some frequently asked questions about AI and its evolution. What happens when AI evolves? Initially, AI could only solve simple problems under set rules, but with the development of machine learning that inputs a large amount of knowledge and deep learning technology that can extract indicators for pattern classification on its own, the technology has advanced dramatically. It has been proposed that the "singularity (technological singularity)" in which AI will surpass humans will come in 2045 and may have a major impact on our lives. What jobs will disappear as AI evolves? As AI evolves and automation and efficiency increases, it is likely that the following occupations and operations will be affected. ・Manufacturing, transportation, retail, customer service, accounting and financial services However, while AI will take over jobs, new jobs and jobs related to AI may also be created. In addition, it is thought that creative work that AI is not good at and jobs that emphasize communication with humans will continue to be handled by humans. What is the future of AI robots? AI-equipped robots are being put to practical use, and the market is expanding. AI can learn human facial expressions and communication through technology, so it can be used in a variety of situations. Service robots such as "aibo" and "Pepper" are expected to greatly exceed the market size of industrial robots in the future. Will AI surpass humans? When the singularity arrives, in which AI surpasses humans, there is a possibility that phenomena that were previously thought to be only events in science fiction novels and movies will become a reality. It is important for AI to utilize technology while taking into account risky actions and ethical aspects. What can AI do in the future? AI continues to evolve day by day, and its possibilities are vast. Among them, the following are expected to be possible in the future. ・Evolution of general dialogue AI, creative work, medical diagnosis and treatment, complete independence of autonomous driving, prediction and decision-making support These are just a few examples, and the possibilities of AI will be further expanded by future technological advances and research. A future that coexists with AI and builds The technology surrounding AI has advanced remarkably in just over 70 years. AI, which can "learn" using big data and make decisions based on processes close to human thinking if the area is limited, has the potential to be able to do things that were previously thought to be "only human." It has also been pointed out that AI technology deprives humans of the ability to think. On the other hand, if used well, it can help us learn and act more productively, leading to economic growth and the development of new technologies. In preparation for the singularity, we would like to focus not only on AI technology that is growing rapidly, but also on its literacy and environmental improvement.
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